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US inflation preview: The trend is your friend
Saxo Strategy Team
What: US August inflation report
When: 12:30 GMT (14:30 CET) on Wednesday, 11 September 2024
Expectation: Headline CPI YoY 2.5% vs 2.9% (July) and Core CPI YoY 3.2% vs 3.2% (July).
How will the market likely react? As the Federal Reserve shifts focus from inflation to the labour market and prepares for an interest rate cut next week, US inflation remains above the Fed’s target, with headline inflation at 2.9% YoY and core inflation at 3.2% YoY as of July. While headline inflation is expected to drop to 2.5% in August, core inflation is expected to stay steady, suggesting persistent inflationary pressures. For the Fed, the current downward trend in all inflation measures (see chart below) is their friend and combined with a less tight labour market, the Fed will conclude that it is time to begin the rate cutting cycle on their next rate decision meeting on 18 September.
A downside surprise could lead to a more aggressive 50 basis point rate cut in September, prompting markets to expect larger cuts in the future. However, stubbornly high inflation or a rebound could dampen expectations for future rate cuts, especially with the upcoming election and potential fiscal spending increases. This could increase market volatility and raise concerns of stagflation, posing broader risks to financial markets. While a downside surprise may in the short-term be interpreted as risk-on it may indicate another sign of the economy slowing down and thus extending the rotation we are seeing in equity markets into defensive sectors.
Why does it matter? For two years, US inflation reports have had a significant impact on global financial markets. US inflation surprises influence bond yields and currencies, not only in the US but also in other developed economies like the UK, Germany, and Japan. These surprises shape expectations for Fed policy, affecting interest rate forecasts, which in turn drive asset prices and market movements worldwide. Simply put, US inflation data is a key indicator for traders, influencing everything from bond yields, stock prices to currency exchange rates across the globe. Currently, markets are pricing in 112 basis points of rate cuts through the December FOMC meeting and a total of 238 basis points over the next twelve months. However, despite declines in most inflation components since the 2022 peak, "Supercore" inflation (which measures the least volatile items in the inflation basket) remains persistently high at around 4.5%, but is also beginning to trend lower. Additionally, economic growth continues at trend levels, suggesting that an aggressive rate-cutting cycle may not be feasible. This uncertainty could trigger increased volatility in financial markets.
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